Can Domestic Food Production Provide Future Urban Populations with Food and Nutrition Security?—Insights from Bangladesh, Kenya and Uganda

Population growth and urbanization increasingly put pressure on our planet's availability of areas needed for food production. The dependencies on domestically produced food are increasingly judged favourable, following the consequences of the Ukrainian war, with escalating fuel and grain prices and less accessibilities to low-income groups. It is, however, unclear whether land is domestically available. Applying a food system approach, the main aim of this article is to investigate spatial foodsheds and theoretical self-sufficiency for food production needed to supply increasing future populations in a selection of cities, including estimates for Dhaka in Bangladesh, Nairobi in Kenya and Kampala in Uganda. The projected foodshed scenario areas for the years 2020 and 2050 are estimated for the production of three core products currently extensively produced and consumed in the three countries. They show that it is not possible to feed an ever-increasing urban population based on domestic production alone. International trade, new technological developments and new consumer demands for less area-intensive food production systems may give solutions to the immense challenge of feeding the world's population with nutritious food in 2050. However, to ensure fair and inclusive transition pathways for low-income groups: (1) affordability and accessibility of trade opportunities, technologies and products, (2) a common vision aiming for the SDGs, including SDG2: Zero hunger and SDG11: Sustainable Cities and Communities as well as (3) best practices in co-creation and cooperation with the most vulnerable urban and rural populations, are highly needed.

Equity, social justice and transformational giftedness: A gifted academy in a vulnerable community

Given that uncertainty has become the signe des temps for our students in the current Covid-19 climate, one can pose the question: what types of skills would be relevant for the current and the next generation of students that would help them make sense of the changing world? School curricula and testing still anchored in the traditional mode of the 3Rs has resulted in a cadre of gifted students who have performed well academically but who have not been educated to reflect on using their "gifts" to transform society in just and meaningful ways. As opposed to being purely speculative on what transformative giftedness could be, we describe the genesis of a gifted academy- a school within a school situated within an impoverished community grounded in the principles of equity, social justice, and transformational giftedness. In this academy, the curriculum based on both socio-emotional learning (SEL) and problem-based learning (PBL), in tandem with interdisciplinary projects, provides avenues for the potential to transform students into making sense of uncertainty in the changing world in meaningful ways. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

Factors associated with health outcomes among the uninsured population

The United States health care system lacks uniform and universal health coverage, causing approximately 10% of the population to be without health insurance, a critical determinant of health care access. Safety net organizations, including free clinics, provide free and/or reduced health care services to sociodemographic disadvantaged individuals. Despite concerns about the uninsured population, free clinic patients have not been sufficiently studied. This dissertation was designed to address this gap by adding to the literature and was designed around three empirical chapters utilizing mixed methodology.The first study used cross-sectional primary data to examine the differences between perceived and physiological stress levels and the effect of a social support network among uninsured free clinic patients. Findings suggest that higher levels of perceived stress are not significantly more prevalent than higher levels of salivary cortisol among these populations. Higher levels of social networking are significantly associated with lower perceived stress levels;having more friends than family members is slightly more associated with lower levels of perceived. However, social support and networking was not significantly associated with patients' salivary morning cortisol levels.The second study utilized a qualitative approach regarding COVID-19 vaccine perception and hesitancy among uninsured free clinic patients. Social networks are found to be important factors in reducing vaccine hesitancy. Hesitant patients had concerns related to vaccines' safety, effectiveness, and side effects. Lack of valid and reliable COVID-19 vaccination information was a challenge among this study's participants.The third study also utilized cross-sectional primary data to examine whether certain factors, including the component of patient-centeredness, are associated with patient autonomy among these populations. Findings conclude that Spanish speaking patients at the free clinic have a stronger belief in a paternalist model of the provider-patient relationship. Better communication between patients and providers results in higher levels of autonomy. Higher levels of educational attainment and better communication partnership were associated with higher levels of a free clinic patient's understanding of treatment risks.In conclusion, this dissertation's focus was to understand characteristics of an uninsured population to help develop strategies and intervention on changing behaviors, providing information that leads to their better health outcome. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Television coverage of gender-based violence in Spain during lockdown

This article analyzes the presence of gender-based violence on free-to-air Spanish television (TV) channels La1, Antena 3, Tele 5, La Sexta, and Cuatro throughout their 24-h daily broadcasting, between March 20, 2020 and June 20, 2020, along with the same period for the year 2019. This article studies whether, despite the COVID-19-dominated agenda of media coverage of gender-based violence increased or decreased, driven by government policies to protect potential victims. Also, we analyze whether any TV channels provided tools (such as the 016 helpline) to help women or were rather limited to reporting murder cases. In addition, the most predominant terms used in such coverage are identified, along with any potential difference in the behavior of public versus private TV channels. The data confirm, among other issues, that coverage of gender-based violence on these TV channels decreased during the studied time frame. However, the mention of tools aimed at supporting women at risk increased. The results of this study also reveal that TV coverage of violence against women did not coincide with the dates in which gender-based murders took place and that, of all Spanish media networks, public TV paid the most attention to this issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

BEYOND RESPONSE: REIMAGINING THE LEGAL ACADEMY'S ROLE IN DISASTER RECOVERY AND PREPAREDNESS

This Article proposes expanding the legal academy's role in responding to disasters and emergencies, specifically through creating disaster clinics that take a communitybased lawyering approach. The Article is one of the first to identify the need for community-based disaster legal clinical education that goes beyond the immediate response phase. It also proposes creating a disaster legal pipeline from the clinic through post-graduation employment. The Article furthers the literature's discussion of the need for sustained disaster legal education. As the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 coronavirus continues to impact vulnerable populations and the frequency of natural disasters continues to increase, this Article provides a blueprint to law school faculty and administrators on the process of starting a new clinic or redesigning an existing clinic into a long-term disaster-related clinic. Additionally, the Article provides a timeline of disaster legislation that has evolved to provide a robust background for seminar courses. The Article draws from the author's expertise in creating two disaster clinics and multiple disaster and environmental justice courses. © 2023,Cleveland State Law Review. All Rights Reserved.

From Asymptomatics to Zombies: Visualization-Based Education of Disease Modeling for Children

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, visualizations became commonplace in public communications to help people make sense of the world and the reasons behind government-imposed restrictions. Though the adult population were the main target of these messages, children were affected by restrictions through not being able to see friends and virtual schooling. However, through these daily models and visualizations, the pandemic response provided a way for children to understand what data scientists really do and provided new routes for engagement with STEM subjects. In this paper, we describe the development of an interactive and accessible visualization tool to be used in workshops for children to explain computational modeling of diseases, in particular COVID-19. We detail our design decisions based on approaches evidenced to be effective and engaging such as unplugged activities and interactivity. We share reflections and learnings from delivering these workshops to 140 children and assess their effectiveness. © 2023 Owner/Author.

Pandemic sensemaking: How Missouri superintendents made sense of the Covid-19 pandemic

COVID-19 has produced mayhem and uncertainty for educational leaders in charge of organizations. This inquiry sought to provide insight into how superintendents and assistant superintendents made sense of their environments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, sensemaking theory (Weick, 1995) was utilized as the conceptual framework to bring clarity and meaning-making for educational leaders as they led their organizations through local, state, national, and international crises. To this end, the focus of this inquiry was to gather school leader's insights into how they provided clarity to a disordered world, understood how they addressed vulnerable populations during the pandemic, recognized the role emotion played in constructing their realities, and determined if location within the state of Missouri played a role in the sensemaking process of superintendents and assistant superintendents.The researcher interviewed 23 participants in the state of Missouri and collected documents to answer the five research questions of the study. The study concluded participants made sense of the pandemic through a collaborative process using a political framework. Additionally, superintendents and assistant superintendents saw all students as vulnerable during the pandemic and expressed a variety of negative emotions. Finally, little variance occurred in superintendent sensemaking between small, medium, and large school districts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Exploring the experiences of chronic respiratory patients during the COVID-19 pandemic using interpretative phenomenological analysis

Background: During a coronavirus pandemic, respiratory patients may be more vulnerable to mental health problems in addition to their physical vulnerability. Due to the specific nature of their illness, they are more likely to have pre-existing experience of crisis situations, serious existential issues and coping with them. Despite a growing body of literature based on quantitative research, there is still a lack of insight into the subjective experiences of those affected. Aim: Our aims were to explore and deepen our understanding of the experiences of chronic respiratory patients at risk of pandemic COVID-19. Our research questions were: 1. How do the interviewees relate to their underlying respiratory condition? 2. What does it mean to experience vulnerability? 3. How do the initial experiences of the underlying disease affect the experience of vulnerability to pandemic disease? Methods: We used interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study involved 8 participants: 7 women and one man, aged 29-60, with one of the following diagnoses: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis. Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis of the semi-structured interviews: 1. respiratory illness as a defining experience in everyday life, 2. the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self and identity organisation, and 3. adaptation to experiencing vulnerability. Breathlessness is the most frightening feature of progressive lung disease, and can be linked to fear and anxiety in different ways. The potentially contagious nature of COVID-19 draws a sharp line between the endangered Self and the dangerous Other, and represents a critical life situation for the satisfaction of social needs and desires. In coping with them, we observe essentially self-defense mechanisms and emotion-focused strategies. Conclusions: The current pandemic is having a widespread and powerful impact on the lives of affected patients. Because of the nature of the coronavirus, which primarily affects the airways, those affected consider themselves to be at risk. Experiencing vulnerability fundamentally determines their lives: their decisions, their connection to the world, organization of identity, coping and their belief in the security of the world. Identifying their experiences and difficulties is of particular importance for the development of strategies to mitigate the psychosocial impact of the epidemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Hungarian) Elmeleti hatter: A koronavirus vilagjarvany idejen a kronikus legzoszervi betegek fizikai serulekenyseguk mellett a mentalis problemakra is fokozottan erzekenyek lehetnek. Betegseguk sajatossagaibol kifolyolag nagyobb valoszinuseggel rendelkeznek mar meglevo tapasztalattal krizishelyzetek, sulyos egzisztencialis kerdesek es az ezekkel valo megkuzdes teruleten. Ezeknek a korabbi tapasztalatoknak szerepe lehet a COVID-19-jarvannyal kapcsolatos veszelyeztetettseg megelese szempontjabol. Az egyre nagyobb szamu kvantitativ kutatason alapulo szakirodalom ellenere az erintettek szubjektiv tapasztalatainak megismerese tovabbra is hianyzik. Cel: Kutatasunk celja a kronikus legzoszervi betegek COVID-19-vilagjarvany altali veszelyeztetettsegelmenyenek, tapasztalatainak feltarasa es melyebb megertese volt kvalitativ, idiografias modszerrel. Az alabbi kutatasi kerdesekre kivantunk valaszt kapni: 1. Hogyan viszonyulnak az interjualanyok a legzoszervi alapbetegsegukhoz? 2. Mit jelent a szamukra a veszelyeztetettseg megelese? 3. Hogyan hatnak az alapbetegseggel kapcsolatos eredeti tapasztalatok a vilagjarvannyal jaro serulekenyseg megelesere? Modszerek: Vizsgalatunkhoz az interpretativ fenomenologiai analizis modszeret hasznaltuk. A kutatasban 8 fo vett reszt: 7 no es 1 ferfi, 29-60 evesek, a kovetkezo diagnozisok valamelyikevel: asztma, kronikus obstruktiv tudobetegseg, cisztas fibrozis. Eredmenyek: A felig strukturalt interjuk elemzese soran harom fotema bontakozott ki: 1. legzoszervi betegseg mint a mindennapokat meghatarozo tapasztalat, 2. a koronavirus vilagjarvany hatasa az enre es az identitasszervezodesre, illetve 3. a veszelyeztetettseg megelesehez valo alkalmazkodas. A levegotlenseg a progressziv tudobetegsegek legnehezebben toleralhato, leginkabb felelmetes velejaroja, amely elmeny kulonbozo modokon kapcsolodhat a felelemmel es a szorongassal. A COVID-19 potencialis fertozo volta eles hatarvonalat huz a veszelyeztetett En es a veszelyes Masik;vagyis az en es a vilag koze, tovabba kritikus elethelyzetet jelent a tarsas szuksegletek es vagyak kielegithetosege szempontjabol. Adaptaciojukban alapvetoen envedo mechanizmusok, illetve erzelem-fokuszu strategiak bontakoztak ki. Kovetkeztetesek: A jelenlegi vilagjarvany jelentos hatast gyakorol az erintett betegek eletere. A koronavirus elsosorban legutakat erinto termeszete miatt az erintettek veszelyeztetettkent tekintenek onmagukra, a veszelyeztetettseg megelese pedig alapvetoen meghatarozza eletuket;donteseiket, a vilaghoz valo kapcsolodasukat, identitasszervezodesuket, megkuzdesuket, s megkerdojelezi a vilag biztonsagossagaba vetett hituket. A kronikus legzoszervi betegek tapasztalatainak feltarasa kiemelt jelentoseggel bir a jarvany pszichoszocialis hatasait merseklo strategiak kidolgozasaban. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Critical Commentary: Beyond growth and density: Recentring the demographic drivers of urban health and risk in the global south

Debates within urban studies concerning the relationship between urbanisation and infectious disease focus on issues of urban population growth, density, migration and connectivity. However, an effective long-term risk and wellbeing agenda, without which the threat of future pandemics cannot be mitigated, must also take account of demographic forces and changes as critical drivers of transmission and mortality risk within and beyond cities. A better understanding of the dynamics of fertility, mortality and changing age structures – key determinants of urban decline/growth in addition to migration – provides the foundation upon which healthier cities and a healthy global urban system can be developed. The study of how basic demographic attributes and trends are distributed in space and how they interact with risks, including those of infectious disease, must be incorporated as a priority into a post-COVID-19 urban public health agenda. This perspective concurs with recent debates in urban studies emphasising the demographic drivers of urban change. Moreover, it raises critical questions about the microbial and environmental emphasis of much research on the interface of urban health and governance.

Savings groups and the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe: Critical assessment of the informal social protection scheme

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged nations and people's lives throughout the globe across multiple dimensions. Measures to curtail the spread of the disease in Zimbabwe have stifled the capacity of the majority of the population, relegated to the informal sector, to source a living. In the absence of robust social protection interventions from the state, these measures pose a more immediate threat to the lives of marginalised and vulnerable communities than the pandemic itself. Savings groups (SGs), which have providedfinancial relief andprotection from economic shocks and stressors to such population groups, have been entrapped by the preventive and containment measures employed by the Zimbabwean authorities. It is unclear how and to what degree such conditions leave underserved populations exposed to socioeconomic shocks as such vital informal social protection alternatives have been rendered ineffectual. Using documentary review, this study examines the fate of SGs in such socially restricted and economically debilitating circumstances. In addition, the authors discuss strategies for improving the sustainability of such grassroots micro-finance initiatives under COVID-19 induced contraptions. Programmatic andpolicy measures necessary for retaining and protecting the viability of (SGs) as alternatives for informal social protection for marginalised and vulnerable groups under COVID-19 are advanced.

Reaching city youth with an online summer arts workshop in Los Angeles

The Summer Arts Workshop (SAW) is a community-based art therapy program with a social justice focus. It has been offered through the Helen B. Landgarten (HBL) Art Therapy Clinic at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) since 2007 in partnership with Dolores Mission School in Boyle Heights, a historically under-resourced part of East Los Angeles. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home orders in Los Angeles, the SAW leadership team adapted the workshop to an online format. The authors took advantage of the online format to extend the reach of the workshop to several school sites in marginalized communities in Los Angeles County, including a juvenile hall high school, which is a prison for youth in a state youth detention centre. The greatest challenge in adapting to an online format was preserving the core component of the workshop: building trust and healthy attachments through expressive art making. The authors overcame this and other challenges and succeeded in providing connecting experiences for participants and facilitators during a time of social isolation and collective anxiety. This chapter shows how teletherapy can bridge gaps of access, particularly for marginalized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Collective Efficacy and Perceived COVID-19 Severity Predict Preparedness and Response Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study of Intersectionally Vulnerable University Students.

OBJECTIVE: To promote equity for intersectionally disaster-vulnerable individuals and address three literature gaps: (1) incremental effects of collective and self-efficacy as preparedness predictors, (2) differentiation of fear and perceived severity of a disaster, and (3) clarification of the relationship between fear and preparedness. METHODS: Due to infection risks associated with communal housing, early in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many universities permitted students to remain in campus housing only if they were housing insecure, including many international students. We surveyed intersectionally-vulnerable students and their partners at a southeast US university, N = 54, who were international (77.8%), Asian (55.6%), and/or housing insecure at baseline (79.6%). In 14 waves from May-October 2020, we assessed pandemic preparedness/response behaviors (PPRBs) and potential PPRB predictors. RESULTS: We examined within- and between-person effects of fear, perceived severity, collective efficacy, and self-efficacy on PPRBs. Within-person perceived severity and collective efficacy both significantly, positively predicted greater PPRBs. All effects of fear and self-efficacy were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived severity and confidence that one's actions positively impact one's community fluctuated throughout the pandemic and are linked to greater PPRB engagement. Public health messages and interventions to improve PPRB may benefit from emphasizing collective efficacy and accuracy over fear.

Characterizing Responses to COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion on TikTok.

PURPOSE: The Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH) sponsored a TikTok contest to improve vaccination rates among young people. This analysis sought to advance understanding of COVID-19 vaccine perceptions among ADPH contestants and TikTok commenters. APPROACH: This exploratory content analysis characterized sentiment and imagery in the TikTok videos and comments. Videos were coded by two reviewers and engagement metrics were collected for each video. SETTING: Publicly available TikTok videos entered into ADPH's contest with the hashtags #getvaccinatedAL and #ADPH between July 16 - August 6, 2021. PARTICIPANTS: ADPH contestants (n = 44) and TikTok comments (n = 502). METHOD: A content analysis was conducted; videos were coded by two reviewers and engagement metrics was collected for each video (e.g., reason for vaccination, content, type of vaccination received). Video comments were analyzed using VADER, a lexicon and rule-based sentiment analysis tool). RESULTS: Of 44 videos tagged with #getvaccinatedAL and #ADPH, 37 were related to the contest. Of the 37 videos, most cited family/friends and civic duty as their reason to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Videos were shared an average of 9 times and viewed 977 times. 70% of videos had comments, ranging from 0-61 (mean 44). Words used most in positively coded comments included, "beautiful," "smiling face emoji with 3 hearts," "masks," and "good.;" whereas words used most in negatively coded comments included "baby," "me," "chips," and "cold." CONCLUSION: Understanding COVID-19 vaccine sentiment expressed on social media platforms like TikTok can be a powerful tool and resource for public health messaging.

Mental Health Needs Due to Disasters: Implications for Behavioral Health Workforce Planning During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Public health emergencies impact the well-being of people and communities. Long-term emotional distress is a pervasive and serious consequence of high levels of crisis exposure and low levels of access to mental health care. At highest risk for mental health trauma are historically medically underserved and socially marginalized populations and frontline health care workers (HCWs). Current public health emergency response efforts provide insufficient mental health services for these groups. The ongoing mental health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has implications for the resource-strained health care workforce. Public health has an important role in delivering psychosocial care and physical support in tandem with communities. Assessment of US and international public health strategies deployed during past public health emergencies can guide development of population-specific mental health care. The objectives of this topical review were (1) to examine scholarly and other literature on the mental health needs of HCWs and selected US and international policies to address them during the first 2 years of the pandemic and (2) to propose strategies for future responses. We reviewed 316 publications in 10 topic areas. Two-hundred fifty publications were excluded, leaving 66 for this topical review. Findings from our review indicate a need for flexible, tailored mental health outreach for HCWs after disasters. US and global research emphasizes the dearth of institutional mental health support for HCWs and of mental health providers who specialize in helping the health care workforce. Future public health disaster responses must address the mental health needs of HCWs to prevent lasting trauma.

Thoracic Myelopathy in a Teenager Caused by Stage IV Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

We report the case of a 19-year-old Native American woman who presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness due to spinal cord compression from late-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma rarely has an initial presentation of spinal cord compression, except in cases of late-stage disease. The patient partially attributed her delayed pursuit of care to the difficulty of scheduling an appointment during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted access to care and the potential for early detection of disease, as seen in this patient. Additionally, Native Americans on South Dakota Reservations face unique challenges that affect access to healthcare and health outcomes.

Physical Function Effects of Live Video Group Exercise Interventions for Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Veteran's Gerofit Group Case Study.

Background: Literature on telehealth interventions for older adults has been primarily on asynchronous interventions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adult exercise programs transitioned to an online format. This systematic review and case study examines the effectiveness of older adult live video exercise group interventions on physical health with insights from a Los Angeles VA program, Gerofit. Methods: PubMed was searched for live video older adult exercise groups from database inception to November 2021. All eligible studies included assessments of physical health and were limited to participants with an average age of 65 years or greater. Ten Veterans, who had participated in both in-person and virtual Gerofit sessions, were surveyed in the case study. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies included an equivalent in-person group as a comparator to the live video group and reported no significant between-group differences in outcomes, including energy expenditure and 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD). The other five studies reported statistically significant in-group improvement in outcomes including isokinetic knee strength. Case study participants reported similar attendance rates and perceived benefits, such as improved balance, when comparing virtual and in-person sessions. Discussion: Live video exercise groups in older adults demonstrated an improvement in physical function that was not statistically different from the comparison in-person sessions with the added benefit of averaging a higher attendance rate, providing initial support for the use of live video in older adult exercise programs. Insights from the case study supplement this by demonstrating older adults' positive attitude on these groups.

Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Telemedicine Engagement in an Urban Community Health Center Cohort During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine chronic diseases, clinical factors, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with telemedicine utilization among a safety-net population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults seeking care in an urban, multisite community health center in the Northeast United States. We included adults with ≥1 outpatient in-person visit during the pre-COVID-19 period (March 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and ≥1 outpatient visit (in-person or telemedicine) during the COVID-19 period (March 1, 2020-February 29, 2021). Multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between clinical and sociodemographic factors and telemedicine use, classified as "any" (≥1 visit) and "high" (≥3 visits). Results: Among 5,793 patients who met inclusion criteria, 4,687 (80.9%) had any (≥1) telemedicine visit and 1,053 (18.2%) had high (≥3) telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 period. Older age and Medicare coverage were associated with having any telemedicine use. Older and White patients were more likely to have high telemedicine use. Uninsured patients were less likely to have high telemedicine use. Patients with increased health care utilization in the pre-COVID-19 period and those with hypertension, diabetes, substance use disorders, and depression were more likely to have high telemedicine engagement. Discussion: Chronic conditions, older patients, and White patients compared with Latinx patients, were associated with high telemedicine engagement after adjusting for prior health care utilization. Conclusion: Equity-focused approaches to telemedicine clinical strategies are needed for safety-net populations. Community health centers can adopt disease-specific telemedicine strategies with high patient engagement.

Refining the process: Safety net dental professionals' experiences with teledentistry implementation during the first year of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Teledentistry helped dentistry adapt to pandemic-era challenges; little is known about dental professionals' teledentistry experiences during this time. This analysis sought to understand professionals' pandemic teledentistry experiences and expectations for the modality's future. METHODS: We conducted virtual individual interviews (n = 21) via Zoom to understand how federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) delivered oral care during the first year of the pandemic, including but not limited to the use of teledentistry. We independently coded each transcript, then identified themes and sub-themes. RESULTS: We identified three major themes: (1) Logistical and equity considerations shaped teledentistry's adoption; (2) Team-based factors influenced implementation; and (3) Teledentistry's future is as-yet undetermined. CONCLUSIONS: Experiences with teledentistry during the first year of COVID-19 varied substantially. Future directions should be more deliberate to counter the urgency of pandemic-style implementation and must address appropriate use, reimbursement guidance, patient and provider challenges, and customizability to each clinic's context.

Disseminated tuberculosis and diagnosis delay during the COVID-19 era in a Western European country: a case series analysis.

Background: Disseminated tuberculosis is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and a poorer prognosis. Objectives: To describe case series of disseminated TB and diagnosis delay in a low TB burden country during the COVID-19 period. Methodology: We consecutively included all patients with of disseminated TB reported from 2019 to 2021 in the reference hospital of the Northern Crown of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. We collected socio-demographic information, clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. Results: We included all 30 patients reported during the study period-5, 9, and 16 in 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively-20 (66.7%) of whom were male and whose mean age was 41 years. Twenty-five (83.3%) were of non-EU origin. The most frequent system involvement was central nervous system (N = 8; 26.7%) followed by visceral (N = 7; 23.3%), gastro-intestinal (N = 6, 20.0%), musculoskeletal (N = 5; 16.7%), and pulmonary (N = 4; 13.3%). Hypoalbuminemia and anemia were highly prevalent (72 and 77%). The median of diagnostic delay was 6.5 months (IQR 1.8-30), which was higher among women (36.0 vs. 3.5 months; p = 0.002). Central nervous system involvement and pulmonary involvement were associated with diagnostic delay among women. We recorded 24 cured patients, two deaths, three patients with post-treatment sequelae, and one lost-to-follow up. We observed a clustering effect of patients in low-income neighborhoods (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a substantial delay in the diagnosis of disseminated TB in our study region, which might impacted the prognosis with women affected more negatively. Our results suggest that an increase in the occurrence of disseminated TB set in motion by diagnosis delay may have been a secondary effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lessons to Build an Educational Model for Higher Education Institutions Defined as Anchor Institutions to Tackle Public Health Crises: A Pilot Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Faculty and Students in Hebert L. College in the Bronx, NY.

Coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbated health inequities in Bronx Communities. This study explored vaccine hesitancy among a random sample of faculty and students from Hebert Lehman College. Findings suggest faculty are largely vaccinated (87%), while 59% of students are unvaccinated. Significant gaps in information were found related to safety and complications. This suggests universities need to adopt an educational model with a multipronged social support strategy to gain students' trust and a greater sense of belonging.

COVID-19 exacerbó las desigualdades de salud en el Bronx. Herbert Lehman College, es uno de los campos del sistema de la ciudad de New York ubicado en el Bronx, con más del 60% de los estudiantes residiendo en el Bronx. En este estudio, se recolectó una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes y profesores de Lehman para entender la predisposición y resistencia a recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19. Los resultados sugieren que la mayoría de los profesores reportan están vacunados, mientras que solo el 59% de los estudiantes reportan estar vacunados. Se encontraron lagunas significativas de información relacionadas con seguridad y complicaciones. Este estudio sugiere que las universidades necesitan adoptar un modelo educacional con estrategias de apoyo social múltiple para obtener confianza estudiantil y un mayor sentido de pertenencia.